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Supreme Governor of the Church of England
The Supreme Governor of the Church of England is a title held by the British monarch that signifies titular leadership over the Church of England.〔(The Monarchy Today > Queen and State > Queen and Church > Queen and Church of England ) Cached at the Internet Archive.〕 Although the monarch's authority over the Church of England is largely ceremonial, the position is still very relevant to the church and is mostly observed in a symbolic capacity. The Supreme Governor formally appoints high-ranking members of the church on the advice of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, who is in turn advised by church leaders.〔
== History ==
By 1536, Henry VIII had broken with Rome, seized the Church's assets in England and declared the Church of England as the established church with himself as its head. The Act of Supremacy 1534 confirmed the King's status as having supremacy over the church and required the nobility to swear an oath recognising Henry's supremacy.〔(Catholic Encyclopedia: Henry Viii )〕 Henry's daughter, Queen Mary I, attempted to restore the English Church's allegiance to the Pope and repealed the Act of Supremacy in 1555.〔(Catholic Encyclopedia: Mary Tudor )〕 Elizabeth I ascended to the throne in 1558 and the next year Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy 1558 that restored the original act.〔(Elizabeth's Supremacy Act (1559) )〕 To placate critics, the Oath of Supremacy which nobles were required to swear, gave the monarch's title as ''Supreme Governor'' rather than ''Supreme Head'' of the church. This wording avoided the charge that the monarchy was claiming divinity or usurping Christ, whom the Bible explicitly identifies as Head of the Church.〔Ephesians 5:23〕
"Defender of the Faith" (''Fidei Defensor'') has been part of the English (and since the Union of Scotland and England, British) monarch's title since Henry VIII was granted it by Pope Leo X in 1521 in recognition of Henry's role in opposing the Protestant Reformation.〔 The pope withdrew the title, but it was later reconferred by Parliament in the reign of Edward VI.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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